Normal values of the eye

=Compilation of key values in Opthalmology Compiled by: Dr Sarbani Roy, MS =
 * http://www.eophtha.com/eophtha/pdf%20files/Wall%20Hanger.pdf
 * AP diameter of the eyeball	is	24 mm				 []
 * lateral diameter of the eyeball	is 	23.5 mm				 []
 * vertical diameter of the eyeball	is 	23 mm				 []
 * axial length of eyeball	is 	18 mm	at birth			 []
 * axial length of eyeball	is 	23 mm	at the age 3 years			 []
 * axial length of eyeball	is 	24 mm	at the age 14 years			 []
 * Circumference of eyeball 	is	75 mm				 []
 * Volume of eyeball	is	 6.5 ml				 []
 * Horizontal Diameter of the surface of cornea	is	11.76 mm				 []
 * Vertical diameter of the surface of the cornea 	is 	11 mm				 []
 * Diameter of posterior surface of cornea	is 	11.5 mm				 []
 * thickness of cornea in the center	is 	0.52 mm				 []
 * thickness of the cornea in periphery	is	0.67 mm				 []
 * radius of anterior curvature of central cornea	is 	7.8 mm				 []
 * radius of posterior curvature of central cornea	is 	6.5 mm				 []
 * Refractive power of cornea As a whole	is 	43 D				 []
 * Refractive power of cornea Anterior surface	is	48 D				 []
 * Refractive power of cornea posterior surface	is	- 5D'				 []
 * corneal endothelial cell density	is 	6000 /mm2	at birth			 []
 * corneal endothelial cell density	is 	24000-30000	young adult			 []
 * Thickness of sclera	is 	1 mm	in posterior part			 []
 * Thickness of sclera	is 	0.4-0.6 mm	at equator			 []
 * Thickness of sclera	is 	0.3 mm	at EO muscle insertion			 []
 * Thickness of sclera	is 	 0.8 mm	Near limbus			 []
 * Width of pars plicata of ciliary body	is	2 mm				 []
 * Width of pars plana of ciliary body 	is 	5 mm temporally and 3 mm nasally				 []
 * Central depth of anterior chamber 	is 	3 mm				 []
 * Volume of aqueous humour in anterior chamber	is	0.25 ml				 []
 * Volume of aqueous humour in posterior chamber	is	0.06 ml				 []
 * Rate of formation of aqueous humour 	is	2.3 microlitter per min (1% of ant ch. vol.)				 []
 * Refractive index of aqueous humour	is	1.336				 []
 * pH of aqueous humour in anterior chamber 	is	7.2 (acidic)				 []
 * Normal range of IOP 	is	10.5 to 20.5 mm Hg				 []
 * Equatorial diameter of lens	is	6.5 mm	At birth 			 []
 * Equatorial diameter of lens	is	 9 to 10 mm	in second decade of life			 []
 * Thickness of lens	is	3.5 mm	At birth 			 []
 * Thickness of lens	is	5 mm 	At extreme of age			 []
 * Weight of lens	is	135 to 255 mg				 []
 * Radius of curvature of anterior surface of lens	is 	10 mm	Without 	accommodation		 []
 * Radius of curvature of anterior surface of lens	is 	6 mm	With accommodation			 []
 * Radius of curvature of posterior surface of lens	is 	 6 mm				 []
 * Refractive index of lens	is 	 1.39 (nucleus 1.42, cortex 1.38)				 []
 * Refractive power of lens 	is 	 16 to 17 D				 []
 * Accommodative power of lens	is 	 14 to 16 D	At birth			 []
 * Accommodative power of lens	is 	 7 to 8 D	At 25 yrs of age 			 []
 * Accommodative power of lens	is 	 1 to 2 D	At 50 yrs of age			 []
 * Near point of sight	is	7 cm	At 10 yrs of age			 []
 * Near point of sight	is	14 cm	at 30 yrs of age			 []
 * Near point of sight	is	25 cm	at 40 yrs of age			 []
 * weight of viterous body	is	4 g				 []
 * volume of viterous body	is	4 ml				 []
 * refractive index of viterous body	is	1.3349				 []
 * Thickness of the retina		0.1mm	at the ora serrata			 []
 * Thickness of the retina		0.2 mm	at the equator of the eye			 []
 * Thickness of the retina		0.56 mm	at the post pole of the eye			 []
 * The diameter of 	optic disc	is	1.5 mm			 []
 * The diameter of 	macula lutea	is	5.5 mm			 []
 * The diameter of 	fovea centralis	is	1.85 mm			 []
 * The diameter of 	foveola	is	0.35 mm			 []
 * The diameter of 	avascular zone of fovea	is	0.8 mm			 []
 * The diameter of 	macula lutea	is	15 digree of visual field			 []
 * The diameter of 	fovea centralis	is	5 degrees of visual fields			 []
 * thickness of ora serrata	is	0.7 to 0.8 mm	in nasal side			 []
 * thickness of ora serrata	is	2.1 mm	in temporal side			 []
 * Orra serrata	is 	6 mm	away from	limbus	in nasal side	 []
 * Orra serrata	is 	7 mm	away from	limbus	in temporal side	 []
 * Total number of the rod cells in one retina	is 	120 million				 []
 * Total number of the cone cells in one retina	is 	6.5 million				 []
 * Cell density of cones in fovea	is	199000	in square milimeter			 []
 * length of optic nerve	is	47 to 50 mm	in total			 []
 * length of optic nerve	is	1 mm	in eyeball			 []
 * length of optic nerve	is	30 mm	in orbit			 []
 * length of optic nerve	is	6 to 9 mm	in optic canal			 []
 * length of optic nerve	is	10 mm	in cranial space			 []
 * Optic nerve 	contains	1.2 million 	nerve fibers			 []
 * Nerve fibers in optic nerve has	diameter	2 to 10 	micrometer 			 []
 * Optic chiasma	has AP width	8 mm				 []
 * Optic chiasma	has RL width	12 mm				 []
 * Medial rectus 	inserts	5.5 mm	away from	limbus	measure by Fuchs	 []
 * inferior rectus	inserts	6.5 mm	away from limbus		measure by Fuchs	 []
 * lateral rectus	inserts	6.9 mm	away from limbus		measure by Fuchs	 []
 * superior rectus	inserts	7.7 mm	away from limbus		measure by Fuchs	 []
 * superior oblique	inserts	16.3 mm	away from limbus		measure by Fuchs	 []
 * inferior oblique	inserts	18.4 mm	away from limbus		measure by Fuchs	 []
 * Medial rectus 	has contact arc of	6 mm	at primary gaze			 []
 * inferior rectus	has contact arc of	9 mm	at primary gaze			 []
 * lateral rectus	has contact arc of	15 mm	at primary gaze			 []
 * superior rectus	has contact arc of	8.4 mm	at primary gaze			 []
 * superior oblique	has contact arc of	5 mm	at primary gaze			 []
 * inferior oblique	has contact arc of	17 mm	at primary gaze			 []
 * Medial rectus 	has length of muscle	40 mm				 []
 * inferior rectus	has length of muscle	40 mm				 []
 * lateral rectus	has length of muscle	48 mm				 []
 * superior rectus	has length of muscle	42 mm				 []
 * superior oblique	has length of muscle	60 mm				 []
 * inferior oblique	has length of muscle	20 mm				 []
 * tendon of 	Medial rectus 	has length	3.7 mm			 []
 * tendon of 	inferior rectus	has length 	5.5 mm			 []
 * tendon of 	lateral rectus	has length 	8.8 mm			 []
 * tendon of 	superior rectus	has length 	5.8 mm			 []
 * tendon of 	superior oblique	has length 	20 mm			 []
 * tendon of 	inferior oblique	has length 	1 to 2 mm			 []
 * superior rectus	make angle of	23 degree	with visual line	in primary position of gaze		 []
 * inferior rectus	make angle of	23 degree	with visual line	in primary position of gaze		 []
 * superior oblique 	make angle of	51 degrees	with visual line	in primary position of gaze		 []
 * inferior oblique	make angle of	51 degrees	with visual line	in primary position of gaze		 []
 * axis of eyeball	make angle of	23 degrees	with the axis of orbit			 []
 * Conjunctival epithelium	has cell layers of	5	in margin			 []
 * Conjunctival epithelium	has cell layers of	2	Tarsus of conjunctiva			 []
 * Conjunctival epithelium	has cell layers of	3	Fornix of conjunctiva			 []
 * Conjunctival epithelium	has cell layers of	8 to 10	Limbus			 []
 * The upper fornix of conjunctiva	contains	40 to 42	Glands of Kraus			 []
 * The lower fornix of conjunctiva	contains	6 to 8	Glands of Kraus			 []
 * upper lacrimal Punctum	locates	6 mm	away from the canthus			 []
 * lower lacrimal punctum	locates	6.5 mm	away from the canthus			 []
 * lacrimal canaliculus	has diameter of 	0.5 mm				 []
 * vertical part of lacrimal canaliculus	has length of	2 mm				 []
 * horizontal part of lacrimal canaliculus	has length of	8 mm				 []
 * Lacrimal sac	has length	15 mm	in total			 []
 * Fundus of Lacrimal sac	has length	3 to 5 mm				 []
 * body of lacrimal sac	has length	10 to 12 mm				 []
 * Lacrimal sac	has width	5 to 6 mm				 []
 * lacrimal sac	has capacity of	20 cubic milimeter				 []
 * nasolacrimal duct	has length	3 mm				 []
 * one lacrimal gland	secretes	1.2 microliter	of tear	per hour		 []
 * one lacrimal gland	secretes	10 ml	of tear	per day		 []
 * palpebral fissure	has length	28 t 30 mm	horizontally	in adult		 []
 * palpebral fissure	has length	9 to 11 mm	vertically	in adult		 []
 * palpebral fissure	has length	18 to 21 mm	horizontally	at birth		 []
 * palpebral fissure	has length	8 mm	vertically	at birth		 []
 * levator palpebrae superior	has length	40 mm	of muscle			 []
 * levator palpebrae superior	has length	15 mm	of tendon			 []
 * tarsal plate of eyelid	has length	29 mm				 []
 * tarsal plate of eyelid	has thickness	1 mm				 []
 * tarsal plate of upper euelid	has height	10 to 11 mm				 []
 * tarsal plate of lower eyelid	has height	4 to 5 mm				 []
 * one eyelid	contains	20 to 30	meibomian glands			 []
 * each cilia of eyelid	associates	2	glands of Zeis			 []
 * orbit 	has depth	42 mm	medially			 []
 * orbit 	has depth	50 mm	laterally			 []
 * 1 mm change of 	axis of eyeball	gives	3D 	of ametropia		 []
 * 1 mm change of 	radius of curvature of cornea	gives	6D	of ametropia		 []