31-40

http://rgm22.nig.ac.jp/mediawiki-ogareport/index.php/For_Gray_anatomy_normalization
 * The superior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis superior; superfrontal gyre) is situated above the superior frontal sulcus and is continued on to the medial surface of the hemisphere. The portion on the lateral surface of the hemisphere is usually more or less completely subdivided into an upper and a lower part by an antero-posterior sulcus, the paramedial sulcus, which, however, is frequently interrupted by bridging gyri.	  61
 * The middle frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis medius; medifrontal gyre), between the superior and inferior frontal sulci, is continuous with the anterior orbital gyrus on the inferior surface of the hemisphere; it is frequently subdivided into two by a horizontal sulcus, the medial frontal sulcus of Eberstaller, which ends anteriorly in a wide bifurcation.	  62
 * The inferior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis inferior; subfrontal gyre) lies below the inferior frontal sulcus, and extends forward from the lower part of the precentral sulcus; it is continuous with the lateral and posterior orbital gyri on the under surface of the lobe. It is subdivided by the anterior horizontal and ascending rami of the lateral fissure into three parts, viz., (1) the orbital part, below the anterior horizontal ramus of the fissure; (2) the triangular part (cap of Broca), between the ascending and horizontal rami; and (3) the basilar part, behind the anterior ascending ramus. The left inferior frontal gyrus is, as a rule, more highly developed than the right, and is named the gyrus of Broca, from the fact that Broca described it as the center for articulate speech.	  63
 * The inferior or orbital surface of the frontal lobe is concave, and rests on the orbital plate of the frontal bone (Fig. 729). It is divided into four orbital gyri by a well-marked H-shaped orbital sulcus. These are named, from their position, the medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior orbital gyri. The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract; the portion medial to this is named the straight gyrus, and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface.	  64
 * The medial surface of the frontal lobe is occupied by the medial part of the superior frontal gyrus (marginal gyrus) (Fig. 727). It lies between the cingulate sulcus and the supero-medial margin of the hemisphere. The posterior part of this gyrus is sometimes marked off by a vertical sulcus, and is distinguished as the paracentral lobule, because it is continuous with the anterior and posterior central gyri.	  65
 * Parietal Lobe (lobus parietalis).—The parietal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus, but its boundaries below and behind are not so definite. Posteriorly, it is limited by the parietoöccipital fissure, and by a line carried across the hemisphere from the end of this fissure toward the preoccipital notch. Below, it is separated from the temporal lobe by the posterior ramus of the lateral fissure, and by a line carried backward from it to meet the line passing downward to the preoccipital notch.
 * The lateral surface of the parietal lobe (Fig. 726) is cleft by a well-marked furrow, the intraparietal sulcus of Turner, which consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The oblique part is named the postcentral sulcus, and commences below, about midway between the lower end of the central sulcus and the upturned end of the lateral fissure. It runs upward and backward, parallel to the central sulcus, and is sometimes divided into an upper and a lower ramus. It forms the hinder limit of the posterior central gyrus.	  67
 * From about the middle of the postcentral sulcus, or from the upper end of its inferior ramus, the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus is carried backward and slightly upward on the parietal lobe, and is prolonged, under the name of the occipital ramus, on to the occipital lobe, where it divides into two parts, which form nearly a right angle with the main stem and constitute the transverse occipital sulcus. The part of the parietal lobe above the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus is named the superior parietal lobule; the part below, the inferior parietal lobule.	  68
 * The posterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis posterior; ascending parietal convolution; postcentral gyre) extends from the longitudinal fissure above to the posterior ramus of the lateral fissure below. It lies parallel with the anterior central gyrus, with which it is connected below, and also, sometimes, above, the central sulcus.	  69
 * The superior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis superior) is bounded in front by the upper part of the postcentral sulcus, but is usually connected with the posterior central gyrus above the end of the sulcus; behind it is the lateral part of the parietoöccipital fissure, around the end of which it is joined to the occipital lobe by a curved gyrus, the arcus parietoöccipitalis; below, it is separated from the inferior parietal lobule by the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus.	  70
 * The inferior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis inferior; subparietal district or lobule) lies below the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the lower part of the postcentral sulcus. It is divided from before backward into two gyri. One, the supramarginal, arches over the upturned end of the lateral fissure; it is continuous in front with the postcentral gyrus, and behind with the superior temporal gyrus. The second, the angular, arches over the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus, behind which it is continuous with the middle temporal gyrus.	  71
 * The medial surface of the parietal lobe (Fig. 727) is bounded behind by the medial part of the parietoöccipital fissure; in front, by the posterior end of the cingulate sulcus; and below, it is separated from the cingulate gyrus by the subparietal sulcus. It is of small size, and consists of a square-shaped convolution, which is termed the precuneus or quadrate lobe.	  72
 * Occipital Lobe (lobus occipitalis).—The occipital lobe is small and pyramidal in shape; it presents three surfaces: lateral, medial, and tentorial.	  73
 * The lateral surface is limited in front by the lateral part of the parietoöccipital fissure, and by a line carried from the end of this fissure to the preoccipital notch; it is traversed by the transverse occipital and the lateral occipital sulci. The transverse occipital sulcus is continuous with the posterior end of the occipital ramus of the intraparietal sulcus, and runs across the upper part of the lobe, a short distance behind the parietoöccipital fissure. The lateral occipital sulcus extends from behind forward, and divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus, which are continuous in front with the parietal and temporal lobes. 125	  74
 * The medial surface of the occipital lobe is bounded in front by the medial part of the parietoöccipital fissure, and is traversed by the calcarine fissure, which subdivides it into the cuneus and the lingual gyrus. The cuneus is a wedge-shaped area between the calcarine fissure and the medial part of the parietoöccipital fissure. The lingual gyrus lies between the calcarine fissure and the posterior part of the collateral fissure; behind, it reaches the occipital pole; in front, it is continued on to the tentorial surface of the temporal lobe, and joins the hippocampal gyrus.	  75
 * The tentorial surface of the occipital lobe is limited in front by an imaginary transverse line through the preoccipital notch, and consists of the posterior part of the fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal convolution) and the lower part of the lingual gyrus, which are separated from each other by the posterior segment of the collateral fissure.	  76
 * Temporal Lobe (lobus temporalis).—The temporal lobe presents superior, lateral, and inferior surfaces.	  77
 * The superior surface forms the lower limit of the lateral fissure and overlaps the insula. On opening out the lateral fissure, three or four gyri will be seen springing from the depth of the hinder end of the fissure, and running obliquely forward and outward on the posterior part of the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus; these are named the transverse temporal gyri (Heschl) (Fig. 730).	  78
 * The lateral surface (Fig. 726) is bounded above by the posterior ramus of the lateral fissure, and by the imaginary line continued backward from it; below, it is limited by the infero-lateral border of the hemisphere. It is divided into superior, middle, and inferior gyri by the superior and middle temporal sulci. The superior temporal sulcus runs from before backward across the temporal lobe, some little distance below, but parallel with, the posterior ramus of the lateral fissure; and hence it is often termed the parallel sulcus. The middle temporal sulcus takes the same direction as the superior, but is situated at a lower level, and is usually subdivided into two or more parts. The superior temporal gyrus lies between the posterior ramus of the lateral fissure and the superior temporal sulcus, and is continuous behind with the supramarginal and angular gyri. The middle temporal gyrus is placed between the superior and middle temporal sulci, and is joined posteriorly with the angular gyrus. The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal sulcus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus.
 * The inferior surface is concave, and is continuous posteriorly with the tentorial surface of the occipital lobe. It is traversed by the inferior temporal sulcus, which extends from near the occipital pole behind, to within a short distance of the temporal pole in front, but is frequently subdivided by bridging gyri. Lateral to this fissure is the narrow tentorial part of the inferior temporal gyrus, and medial to it the fusiform gyrus, which extends from the occipital to the temporal pole; this gyrus is limited medially by the collateral fissure, which separates it from the lingual gyrus behind and from the hippocampal gyrus in front.	  80

after
The {superior frontal gyrus [FMA61857:Superior frontal gyrus]} ({gyrus frontalis superior [FMA61857:Superior frontal gyrus]}; superfrontal gyre) is situated above the {superior frontal sulcus [FMA83755:Superior frontal sulcus]} and is continued on to the medial surface of the hemisphere. The portion on the lateral surface of the hemisphere is usually more or {less [FMA63048:Circular muscle layer of abdominal part of esophagus]} completely subdivided into an upper and a lower part by an antero-posterior {sulcus [:]}, the paramedial {sulcus [:]}, which, however, is frequently interrupted by bridging gyri. 61   The {middle frontal gyrus [FMA61859:Middle frontal gyrus]} ({gyrus frontalis medius [FMA61859:Middle frontal gyrus]}; medifrontal gyre), between the superior and {inferior frontal sulci [FMA83757:Inferior frontal sulcus]}, is continuous with the {anterior orbital gyrus [FMA256196:Anterior orbital gyrus]} on the inferior surface of the hemisphere; it is frequently subdivided into two by a horizontal {sulcus [:]}, the medial {frontal [FMA46757:Frontalis]} {sulcus [:]} of Eberstaller, which ends anteriorly in a wide bifurcation. 62   The {inferior frontal gyrus [FMA61860:Inferior frontal gyrus]} ({gyrus frontalis inferior [FMA61860:Inferior frontal gyrus; FMA61980:Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus; FMA61981:Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus; FMA61982:Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus]}; subfrontal gyre) lies below the {inferior frontal sulcus [FMA83757:Inferior frontal sulcus]}, and extends forward from the lower part of the {precentral sulcus [FMA83800:Precentral sulcus]}; it is continuous with the lateral and {posterior orbital gyri [FMA80184:Posterior orbital gyrus]} on the under surface of the lobe. It is subdivided by the anterior horizontal and ascending rami of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]} into three parts, viz., (1) the {orbital [FMA49034:Orbitalis]} part, below the anterior horizontal ramus of the fissure; (2) the triangular part (cap of Broca), between the ascending and horizontal rami; and (3) the basilar part, behind the anterior ascending ramus. The {left inferior frontal gyrus [FMA72658:Left inferior frontal gyrus]} is, as a rule, more highly developed than the right, and is named the gyrus of Broca, from the fact that Broca described it as the center for articulate speech. 63   The inferior or {orbital surface of the frontal lobe [FMA57406:Cerebral surface of orbital part of frontal bone]} is concave, and rests on the {orbital plate of the frontal bone [FMA54674:Orbital plate of frontal bone]} (Fig. 729). It is divided into four {orbital gyri [FMA72020:Set of orbital gyri]} by a well-marked H-shaped {orbital sulcus [FMA83770:Orbital sulcus]}. These are named, from their position, the medial, anterior, lateral, and {posterior orbital gyri [FMA80184:Posterior orbital gyrus]}. The {medial orbital gyrus [FMA62419:Medial orbital gyrus]} presents a well-marked antero-posterior {sulcus [:]}, the {olfactory sulcus [FMA83769:Olfactory sulcus]}, for the {olfactory tract [FMA46787:Olfactory nerve]}; the portion medial to this is named the {straight gyrus [FMA61893:Straight gyrus]}, and is continuous with the {superior frontal gyrus [FMA61857:Superior frontal gyrus]} on the medial surface. 64   The medial {surface of the frontal lobe [FMA256267:Surface of frontal lobe]} is occupied by the medial part of the {superior frontal gyrus [FMA61857:Superior frontal gyrus]} ({marginal gyrus [FMA61857:Superior frontal gyrus]}) (Fig. 727). It lies between the {cingulate sulcus [FMA83748:Cingulate sulcus]} and the supero-medial margin of the hemisphere. The posterior part of this gyrus is sometimes marked off by a vertical {sulcus [:]}, and is distinguished as the {paracentral lobule [FMA77534:Paracentral lobule]}, because it is continuous with the anterior and {posterior central gyri [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus]}. 65   {Parietal Lobe [FMA61826:Parietal lobe]} ({lobus parietalis [FMA61826:Parietal lobe]}).—The {parietal lobe [FMA61826:Parietal lobe]} is separated from the {frontal lobe [FMA61824:Frontal lobe]} by the {central sulcus [FMA83752:Central sulcus]}, but its boundaries below and behind are not so definite. Posteriorly, it is limited by the parietoöccipital fissure, and by a line carried across the hemisphere from the end of this fissure toward the {preoccipital notch [FMA83739:Preoccipital notch]}. Below, it is separated from the {temporal lobe [FMA61825:Temporal lobe]} by the posterior ramus of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]}, and by a line carried backward from it to meet the line passing downward to the {preoccipital notch [FMA83739:Preoccipital notch]}. The lateral {surface of the parietal lobe [FMA256279:Surface of parietal lobe]} (Fig. 726) is cleft by a well-marked furrow, the {intraparietal sulcus [FMA83772:Intraparietal sulcus]} of Turner, which consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The oblique part is named the {postcentral sulcus [FMA83774:Postcentral sulcus]}, and commences below, about midway between the lower end of the {central sulcus [FMA83752:Central sulcus]} and the upturned end of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]}. It runs upward and backward, parallel to the {central sulcus [FMA83752:Central sulcus]}, and is sometimes divided into an upper and a lower ramus. It forms the hinder limit of the {posterior central gyrus [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus]}. 67   From about the middle of the {postcentral sulcus [FMA83774:Postcentral sulcus]}, or from the upper end of its inferior ramus, the horizontal portion of the {intraparietal sulcus [FMA83772:Intraparietal sulcus]} is carried backward and slightly upward on the {parietal lobe [FMA61826:Parietal lobe]}, and is prolonged, under the name of the occipital ramus, on to the {occipital lobe [FMA67325:Occipital lobe]}, where it divides into two parts, which form nearly a right angle with the main stem and constitute the {transverse occipital sulcus [FMA83786:Transverse occipital sulcus]}. The part of the {parietal lobe [FMA61826:Parietal lobe]} above the horizontal portion of the {intraparietal sulcus [FMA83772:Intraparietal sulcus]} is named the {superior parietal lobule [FMA61899:Superior parietal lobule; FMA71058:Superior parietal lobule (SPL)]}; the part below, the {inferior parietal lobule [FMA61897:Supramarginal gyrus; FMA77536:Inferior parietal lobule]}. 68   The {posterior central gyrus [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus]} ({gyrus centralis posterior [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus]}; ascending parietal convolution; {postcentral gyre [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus; FMA71042:Postcentral gyrus (POG)]}) extends from the {longitudinal fissure [FMA83727:Longitudinal fissure]} above to the posterior ramus of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]} below. It lies parallel with the anterior central gyrus, with which it is connected below, and also, sometimes, above, the {central sulcus [FMA83752:Central sulcus]}. 69   The {superior parietal lobule [FMA61899:Superior parietal lobule; FMA71058:Superior parietal lobule (SPL)]} ({lobulus parietalis superior [FMA61899:Superior parietal lobule]}) is bounded in front by the upper part of the {postcentral sulcus [FMA83774:Postcentral sulcus]}, but is usually connected with the {posterior central gyrus [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus]} above the end of the {sulcus [:]}; behind it is the lateral part of the parietoöccipital fissure, around the end of which it is joined to the {occipital lobe [FMA67325:Occipital lobe]} by a curved gyrus, the arcus parietoöccipitalis; below, it is separated from the {inferior parietal lobule [FMA61897:Supramarginal gyrus; FMA77536:Inferior parietal lobule]} by the horizontal portion of the {intraparietal sulcus [FMA83772:Intraparietal sulcus]}. 70   The {inferior parietal lobule [FMA61897:Supramarginal gyrus; FMA77536:Inferior parietal lobule]} ({lobulus parietalis inferior [FMA77536:Inferior parietal lobule]}; {subparietal district [FMA77536:Inferior parietal lobule]} or {lobule [FMA45737:Lobule]}) lies below the horizontal portion of the {intraparietal sulcus [FMA83772:Intraparietal sulcus]}, and behind the lower part of the {postcentral sulcus [FMA83774:Postcentral sulcus]}. It is divided from before backward into two gyri. One, the supramarginal, arches over the upturned end of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]}; it is continuous in front with the {postcentral gyrus [FMA61896:Postcentral gyrus; FMA71042:Postcentral gyrus (POG)]}, and behind with the {superior temporal gyrus [FMA61905:Superior temporal gyrus]}. The second, the angular, arches over the posterior end of the {superior temporal sulcus [FMA83783:Superior temporal sulcus]}, behind which it is continuous with the {middle temporal gyrus [FMA61906:Middle temporal gyrus]}. 71   The medial {surface of the parietal lobe [FMA256279:Surface of parietal lobe]} (Fig. 727) is bounded behind by the medial part of the parietoöccipital fissure; in front, by the posterior end of the {cingulate sulcus [FMA83748:Cingulate sulcus]}; and below, it is separated from the {cingulate gyrus [FMA62434:Cingulate gyrus]} by the {subparietal sulcus [FMA83777:Subparietal sulcus]}. It is of small size, and consists of a square-shaped convolution, which is termed the {precuneus [FMA61900:Precuneus]} or quadrate lobe. 72   {Occipital Lobe [FMA67325:Occipital lobe]} ({lobus occipitalis [FMA67325:Occipital lobe]}).—The {occipital lobe [FMA67325:Occipital lobe]} is small and {pyramidal [FMA15568:Pyramidalis]} in shape; it presents three surfaces: lateral, medial, and tentorial. 73   The lateral surface is limited in front by the lateral part of the parietoöccipital fissure, and by a line carried from the end of this fissure to the {preoccipital notch [FMA83739:Preoccipital notch]}; it is traversed by the transverse occipital and the {lateral occipital sulci [FMA83785:Lateral occipital sulcus]}. The {transverse occipital sulcus [FMA83786:Transverse occipital sulcus]} is continuous with the posterior end of the occipital ramus of the {intraparietal sulcus [FMA83772:Intraparietal sulcus]}, and runs across the upper part of the lobe, a short distance behind the parietoöccipital fissure. The {lateral occipital sulcus [FMA83785:Lateral occipital sulcus]} extends from behind forward, and divides the lateral {surface of the occipital lobe [FMA256273:Surface of occipital lobe]} into a superior and an inferior gyrus, which are continuous in front with the parietal and {temporal lobes [FMA61825:Temporal lobe]}. 125 74   The medial {surface of the occipital lobe [FMA256273:Surface of occipital lobe]} is bounded in front by the medial part of the parietoöccipital fissure, and is traversed by the {calcarine fissure [FMA83749:Calcarine sulcus]}, which subdivides it into the {cuneus [FMA61903:Cuneus]} and the {lingual gyrus [FMA61904:Lingual gyrus]}. The {cuneus [FMA61903:Cuneus]} is a wedge-shaped area between the {calcarine fissure [FMA83749:Calcarine sulcus]} and the medial part of the parietoöccipital fissure. The {lingual gyrus [FMA61904:Lingual gyrus]} lies between the {calcarine fissure [FMA83749:Calcarine sulcus]} and the posterior part of the {collateral fissure [FMA83751:Collateral sulcus]}; behind, it reaches the {occipital pole [FMA71036:Occipital pole (OP); FMA74892:Occipital pole]}; in front, it is continued on to the tentorial {surface of the temporal lobe [FMA256285:Surface of temporal lobe]}, and joins the {hippocampal gyrus [FMA61918:Parahippocampal gyrus]}. 75   The tentorial {surface of the occipital lobe [FMA256273:Surface of occipital lobe]} is limited in front by an imaginary transverse line through the {preoccipital notch [FMA83739:Preoccipital notch]}, and consists of the posterior part of the {fusiform gyrus [FMA61908:Fusiform gyrus]} (occipitotemporal convolution) and the lower part of the {lingual gyrus [FMA61904:Lingual gyrus]}, which are separated from each other by the posterior segment of the {collateral fissure [FMA83751:Collateral sulcus]}. 76   {Temporal Lobe [FMA61825:Temporal lobe]} ({lobus temporalis [FMA61825:Temporal lobe]}).—The {temporal lobe [FMA61825:Temporal lobe]} presents superior, lateral, and inferior surfaces. 77   The superior surface forms the lower limit of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]} and overlaps the {insula [FMA67329:Insula]}. On opening out the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]}, three or four gyri will be seen springing from the depth of the hinder end of the fissure, and running obliquely forward and outward on the posterior part of the upper surface of the {superior temporal gyrus [FMA61905:Superior temporal gyrus]}; these are named the {transverse temporal gyri [FMA72016:Set of transverse temporal gyri]} (Heschl) (Fig. 730). 78   The lateral surface (Fig. 726) is bounded above by the posterior ramus of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]}, and by the imaginary line continued backward from it; below, it is limited by the infero-lateral border of the hemisphere. It is divided into superior, middle, and inferior gyri by the superior and {middle temporal sulci [FMA83784:Inferior temporal sulcus]}. The {superior temporal sulcus [FMA83783:Superior temporal sulcus]} runs from before backward across the {temporal lobe [FMA61825:Temporal lobe]}, some little distance below, but parallel with, the posterior ramus of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]}; and hence it is often termed the {parallel sulcus [FMA83783:Superior temporal sulcus]}. The {middle temporal sulcus [FMA83784:Inferior temporal sulcus]} takes the same direction as the superior, but is situated at a lower level, and is usually subdivided into two or more parts. The {superior temporal gyrus [FMA61905:Superior temporal gyrus]} lies between the posterior ramus of the {lateral fissure [FMA77801:Lateral sulcus]} and the {superior temporal sulcus [FMA83783:Superior temporal sulcus]}, and is continuous behind with the supramarginal and {angular gyri [FMA61898:Angular gyrus; FMA71018:Angular gyrus (AG)]}. The {middle temporal gyrus [FMA61906:Middle temporal gyrus]} is placed between the superior and {middle temporal sulci [FMA83784:Inferior temporal sulcus]}, and is joined posteriorly with the {angular gyrus [FMA61898:Angular gyrus; FMA71018:Angular gyrus (AG)]}. The {inferior temporal gyrus [FMA61907:Inferior temporal gyrus]} is placed below the {middle temporal sulcus [FMA83784:Inferior temporal sulcus]}, and is connected behind with the {inferior occipital gyrus [FMA61902:Lateral occipital gyrus]}; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior {surface of the temporal lobe [FMA256285:Surface of temporal lobe]}, where it is limited by the inferior {sulcus [:]}. The inferior surface is concave, and is continuous posteriorly with the tentorial {surface of the occipital lobe [FMA256273:Surface of occipital lobe]}. It is traversed by the {inferior temporal sulcus [FMA74518:Occipitotemporal sulcus; FMA83784:Inferior temporal sulcus]}, which extends from near the {occipital pole [FMA71036:Occipital pole (OP); FMA74892:Occipital pole]} behind, to within a short distance of the {temporal pole [FMA71071:Temporal pole (TP); FMA74890:Temporal pole]} in front, but is frequently subdivided by bridging gyri. Lateral to this fissure is the narrow tentorial part of the {inferior temporal gyrus [FMA61907:Inferior temporal gyrus]}, and medial to it the {fusiform gyrus [FMA61908:Fusiform gyrus]}, which extends from the occipital to the {temporal pole [FMA71071:Temporal pole (TP); FMA74890:Temporal pole]}; this gyrus is limited medially by the {collateral fissure [FMA83751:Collateral sulcus]}, which separates it from the {lingual gyrus [FMA61904:Lingual gyrus]} behind and from the {hippocampal gyrus [FMA61918:Parahippocampal gyrus]} in front. 80