189.3.2


 * 1) Sentence ID: 451
 * 2) *Behind the epithelial lining of the foramen the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles are joined across the middle line.
 * 3) Sentence ID: 452
 * 4) *The Anterior Commissure ) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line.
 * 5) *The precommissure ) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line.
 * 6) *The Anterior Commissure ) placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
 * 7) *The precommissure ) placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
 * 8) Sentence ID: 453
 * 9) *On sagittal section it is oval in shape, its long diameter being vertical.
 * 10) *On sagittal section it is oval in shape, its long diameter measuring about 5 mm.
 * 11) Sentence ID: 454
 * 12) *Its fibers can be traced lateralward on either side beneath the corpus striatum into the substance of the temporal lobe.
 * 13) *Its fibers can be traced backward on either side beneath the corpus striatum into the substance of the temporal lobe.
 * 14) Sentence ID: 455
 * 15) *It serves in this way to connect the two temporal lobes,.
 * 16) *it also contains decussating fibers from the olfactory tracts.
 * 17) Sentence ID: 456
 * 18) *The Septum Pellucidum ( septum lucidum ) is a thin, vertically placed partition consisting of two laminæ , separated in the greater part of their extent by a narrow chink.
 * 19) *The Septum Pellucidum ( septum lucidum ) is a thin, vertically placed partition consisting of two laminæ , separated in the greater part of their extent by a interval.
 * 20) *The Septum Pellucidum ( septum lucidum ) is a thin, vertically placed partition consisting of two laminæ , separated in the greater part of their extent by the cavity of the septum pellucidum.
 * 21) Sentence ID: 457
 * 22) *It is attached, above , to the under surface of the corpus callosum ;
 * 23) Sentence ID: 457
 * 24) *below, to the anterior part of the fornix behind , and the reflected portion of the corpus callosum in front.
 * 25) Sentence ID: 458
 * 26) *It is triangular in form, broad in front ;
 * 27) *It is triangular in form, narrow behind ;
 * 28) Sentence ID: 458
 * 29) *its inferior angle corresponds with the upper part of the anterior commissure.
 * 30) Sentence ID: 459
 * 31) *The lateral surface of each lamina is directed toward the body of the lateral ventricle,.
 * 32) *The lateral surface of each lamina is directed toward anterior cornu of the lateral ventricle,.
 * 33) *The lateral surface of each lamina is covered by the ependyma of that cavity.
 * 34) Sentence ID: 460
 * 35) *The cavity of the septum pellucidum ) is generally regarded as part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure ,
 * 36) *The cavum ) is generally regarded as part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure ,
 * 37) *The septi ) is generally regarded as part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure ,
 * 38) *The pellucidi ) is generally regarded as part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure ,
 * 39) *The pseudocele ) is generally regarded as part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure ,
 * 40) *The fifth ventricle ) is generally regarded as part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure ,
 * 41) Sentence ID: 460
 * 42) *which has become shut off by the union of the hemispheres in the formation of the corpus callosum above.
 * 43) *which has become shut off by the union of the hemispheres in the formation of the fornix below.
 * 44) Sentence ID: 461
 * 45) *Each half of the septum therefore forms part of the medial wall of the hemisphere, and consists of a medial layer of gray substance , derived from that of the cortex.
 * 46) *Each half of the septum therefore forms part of the medial wall of the hemisphere, and consists of a lateral layer of white substance continuous with that of the cerebral hemispheres.
 * 47) Sentence ID: 462
 * 48) *This cavity is not developed from the cavity of the cerebral vesicles.
 * 49) *This cavity never communicates with the ventricles of the brain.
 * 50) Sentence ID: 463
 * 51) *The Choroid Plexus of the Lateral Ventricle ) is a highly vascular, fringe-like process of pia mater ,
 * 52) *The plexus chorioideus ventriculus lateralis ) is a highly vascular, fringe-like process of pia mater ,
 * 53) *The paraplexus ) is a highly vascular, fringe-like process of pia mater ,
 * 54) Sentence ID: 463
 * 55) *which projects into the ventricular cavity.
 * 56) Sentence ID: 464
 * 57) *The plexus, however , is everywhere covered by a layer of epithelium continuous with the epithelial lining of the ventricle.
 * 58) Sentence ID: 465
 * 59) *It extends from the interventricular foramen, where it is joined with the plexus of the opposite ventricle , to the end of the inferior cornu.
 * 60) Sentence ID: 466
 * 61) *The part in relation to the body of the ventricle forms the vascular fringed margin of a triangular process of pia mater.
 * 62) *The part in relation to the body of the ventricle forms the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle.
 * 63) *The part in relation to the body of the ventricle projects from under cover of the lateral edge of the fornix.
 * 64) Sentence ID: 467
 * 65) *It lies upon the upper surface of the thalamus, from which the epithelium is reflected over the plexus on to the edge of the fornix
 * 66) Sentence ID: 467
 * 67) *The portion in relation to the inferior cornu lies in the concavity of the hippocampus :
 * 68) *The portion in relation to the inferior cornu overlaps the fimbria hippocampi :
 * 69) Sentence ID: 468
 * 70) *from the lateral edge of the fimbria the epithelium is reflected over the plexus on to the roof of the cornu
 * 71) Sentence ID: 468
 * 72) *It consists of minute villous processes, each with an afferent vessel.
 * 73) *It consists of highly vascular villous processes, each with an afferent vessel.
 * 74) *It consists of minute villous processes, each with an efferent vessel.
 * 75) *It consists of highly vascular villous processes, each with an efferent vessel.
 * 76) Sentence ID: 469
 * 77) *The arteries of the plexus are : ( a ) the anterior choroidal, a branch of the internal carotid , which enters the plexus at the end of the inferior cornu.
 * 78) *The arteries of the plexus are : ( b ) the posterior choroidal, one or two small branches of the posterior cerebral , which pass forward under the splenium.
 * 79) Sentence ID: 471
 * 80) *The veins of the choroid plexus unite to form a tortuous vein, which courses from behind forward to the interventricular foramen.
 * 81) *The veins of the choroid plexus there joins with the terminal vein to form the corresponding internal cerebral vein.
 * 82) Sentence ID: 472
 * 83) *When the choroid plexus is pulled away, the continuity between its epithelial covering is severed.
 * 84) *When the choroid plexus is pulled away, the continuity between the epithelial lining of the ventricle is severed.
 * 85) *When the choroid plexus is pulled away, a cleft-like space is produced.
 * 86) Sentence ID: 473
 * 87) *This is named the choroidal fissure ;
 * 88) Sentence ID: 473
 * 89) *like the plexus, it extends from the interventricular foramen to the end of the inferior cornu.
 * 90) Sentence ID: 474
 * 91) *The upper part of the fissure, i.e. , the part nearest the interventricular foramen is situated between the lateral edge of the fornix ;
 * 92) *The upper part of the fissure, i.e. , the part nearest the interventricular foramen is situated between the upper surface of the thalamus ;
 * 93) Sentence ID: 474
 * 94) *farther back at the beginning of the inferior cornu it is between the commencement of the fimbria hippocampi ,
 * 95) *farther back at the beginning of the inferior cornu it is between the posterior end of the thalamus ,
 * 96) Sentence ID: 474
 * 97) *while in the inferior cornu it lies between the fimbria in the floor.
 * 98) *while in the inferior cornu it lies between the stria terminalis in the roof of the cornu.
 * 99) Sentence ID: 475
 * 100) *The tela chorioidea of the third ventricle ) is a double fold of pia mater, triangular in shape ,
 * 101) *tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii ) is a double fold of pia mater, triangular in shape ,
 * 102) *velum interpositum ) is a double fold of pia mater, triangular in shape ,
 * 103) Sentence ID: 475
 * 104) *which lies beneath the fornix.
 * 105) Sentence ID: 476
 * 106) *The lateral portions of its lower surface rest upon the thalami ,
 * 107) Sentence ID: 476
 * 108) *while its medial portion is in contact with the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.
 * 109) Sentence ID: 477
 * 110) *Its apex is situated at the interventricular foramen ;
 * 111) Sentence ID: 477
 * 112) *its base corresponds with the splenium of the corpus callosum.
 * 113) *its base occupies the interval between that structure above.
 * 114) *its base occupies the interval between the corpora quadrigemina below.
 * 115) *its base occupies the interval between the pineal body below.
 * 116) Sentence ID: 478
 * 117) *This interval, together with the lower portions of the choroidal fissures , is sometimes spoken of as the transverse fissure of the brain.
 * 118) Sentence ID: 479
 * 119) *At its base the two layers of the velum separate from each other.
 * 120) *At its base the two layers of the velum are continuous with the pia mater investing the brain in this region.
 * 121) Sentence ID: 480
 * 122) *Its lateral margins are modified to form the highly vascular choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles.
 * 123) Sentence ID: 481
 * 124) *It is supplied by the anterior choroidal arteries already described ,
 * 125) *It is supplied by the posterior choroidal arteries already described ,
 * 126) Sentence ID: 481
 * 127) *The veins of the tela chorioidea are named the internal cerebral veins ( venæ Galeni ) ;
 * 128) Sentence ID: 481
 * 129) *they are two in number.
 * 130) *they run backward between its layers, each being formed at the interventricular foramen by the union of the terminal vein with the choroidal vein.
 * 131) Sentence ID: 482
 * 132) *The internal cerebral veins unite posteriorly in a single trunk ) ,
 * 133) *The internal cerebral veins unite posteriorly in the great cerebral vein ) ,
 * 134) *The internal cerebral veins unite posteriorly in vena magna Galeni ) ,
 * 135) Sentence ID: 482
 * 136) *which passes backward beneath the splenium.
 * 137) *which ends in the straight sinus.
 * 138) Sentence ID: 483
 * 139) *Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres.
 * 140) Sentence ID: 484
 * 141) *- The cerebral hemispheres are composed of gray substance :
 * 142) *- The cerebral hemispheres are composed of white substance :
 * 143) Sentence ID: 485
 * 144) *the former covers their surface, and is termed the cortex ;
 * 145) Sentence ID: 485
 * 146) *the latter occupies the interior of the hemispheres.
 * 147) Sentence ID: 486
 * 148) *The white substance consists of medullated fibers, varying in size ,.
 * 149) *The white substance arranged in bundles separated by neuroglia.
 * 150) Sentence ID: 487
 * 151) *They may be divided, according to their course , into three distinct systems.
 * 152) *They may be divided, according to their connections , into three distinct systems.
 * 153) Sentence ID: 488
 * 154) *( 1 ) Projection fibers connect the hemisphere with the lower parts of the brain.
 * 155) *( 1 ) Projection fibers connect the hemisphere with the medulla spinalis.
 * 156) Sentence ID: 489
 * 157) *( 2 ) Transverse fibers unite the two hemispheres.
 * 158) *( 2 ) commissural fibers unite the two hemispheres.
 * 159) Sentence ID: 490
 * 160) *( 3 ) Association fibers connect different structures in the same hemisphere ;
 * 161) Sentence ID: 490
 * 162) *these are, in many instances , collateral branches of the projection fibers , but others are the axons of independent cells.
 * 163) Sentence ID: 491
 * 164) *1.
 * 165) Sentence ID: 492
 * 166) *The projection fibers consist of efferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain.
 * 167) *The projection fibers consist of afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain.
 * 168) *The projection fibers consist of efferent fibers uniting the cortex with the medulla spinalis.
 * 169) *The projection fibers consist of afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the medulla spinalis.
 * 170) Sentence ID: 493
 * 171) *The principal efferent strands are : ( 1 ) the motor tract, occupying the genu of the internal capsule :
 * 172) *The principal efferent strands are : ( 1 ) the motor tract, occupying the anterior two-thirds of the occipital part of the internal capsule :
 * 173) *The principal efferent strands are : ( 1 ) the motor tract, consisting of ( a ) the geniculate fibers , which decussate in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side :
 * 174) *The principal efferent strands are : ( 1 ) the motor tract, consisting of ( a ) the geniculate fibers , which end in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side :
 * 175) *The principal efferent strands are : ( 1 ) the motor tract, consisting of ( b ) the cerebrospinal fibers , which are prolonged through the pyramid of the medulla oblongata into the medulla spinalis :
 * 176) Sentence ID: 495
 * 177) *( 2 ) the corticopontine fibers, ending in the nuclei pontis.
 * 178) Sentence ID: 496
 * 179) *The chief afferent fibers are : ( 1 ) those of the lemniscus which are not interrupted in the thalamus.
 * 180) *The chief afferent fibers are : ; ( 2 ) those of the superior cerebellar peduncle which are not interrupted in the red nucleus and thalamus.
 * 181) *The chief afferent fibers are : ( 3 ) numerous fibers arising within the thalamus, and passing through its stalks to the different parts of the cortex ( page 810 ).
 * 182) *The chief afferent fibers are : ( 4 ) optic and acoustic fibers, the former passing to the occipital , the latter to the temporal lobe.
 * 183) Sentence ID: 498
 * 184) *2.
 * 185) Sentence ID: 499
 * 186) *The transverse fibers connect the two hemispheres.
 * 187) *The commissural fibers connect the two hemispheres.
 * 188) Sentence ID: 500
 * 189) *They include : ( a ) the transverse fibers of the corpus callosum ;
 * 190) *They include : ( b ) the anterior commissure ;
 * 191) *They include :, ( c ) the posterior commissure ;
 * 192) *They include : ( d ) the lyra or hippocampal commissure ;
 * 193) Sentence ID: 501
 * 194) *they have already been described.
 * 195) Sentence ID: 502
 * 196) *3.
 * 197) Sentence ID: 503
 * 198) *The association fibers unite different parts of the same hemisphere :
 * 199) *The association fibers are of two kinds :
 * 200) Sentence ID: 504
 * 201) *( 1 ) those connecting adjacent gyri, short association fibers.
 * 202) *( 2 ) those passing between more distant parts, long association fibers.
 * 203) Sentence ID: 505
 * 204) *The short association fibers lie immediately beneath the gray substance of the cortex of the hemispheres.
 * 205) *The short association fibers connect together adjacent gyri.
 * 206) Sentence ID: 506
 * 207) *The long association fibers include the following : ( a ) the uncinate fasciculus.
 * 208) *The long association fibers include the following : ( b ) the cingulum.
 * 209) *The long association fibers include the following : ( c ) the superior longitudinal fasciculus.
 * 210) *The long association fibers include the following : ( d ) the inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
 * 211) *The long association fibers include the following : ( e ) the perpendicular fasciculus.
 * 212) *The long association fibers include the following : ( f ) the occipitofrontal fasciculus.
 * 213) *The long association fibers include the following : ( g ) the fornix.
 * 214) Sentence ID: 508
 * 215) *( a ) The uncinate fasciculus passes across the bottom of the lateral fissure.
 * 216) *( a ) The uncinate fasciculus unites the gyri of the frontal lobe with the anterior end of the temporal lobe.
 * 217) Sentence ID: 509
 * 218) *( b ) The cingulum is a band of white matter contained within the cingulate gyrus.
 * 219) Sentence ID: 510
 * 220) *Beginning in front at the anterior perforated substance, it passes forward parallel with the rostrum.
 * 221) *Beginning in front at the anterior perforated substance, it passes upward parallel with the rostrum.
 * 222) *Beginning in front at the anterior perforated substance, it winds around the genu.
 * 223) *Beginning in front at the anterior perforated substance, it runs backward above the corpus callosum.
 * 224) *Beginning in front at the anterior perforated substance, it turns around the splenium.
 * 225) *Beginning in front at the anterior perforated substance, it ends in the hippocampal gyrus.
 * 226) Sentence ID: 511
 * 227) *( c ) The superior longitudinal fasciculus passes backward from the frontal lobe above the lentiform nucleus ;
 * 228) *( c ) The superior longitudinal fasciculus passes backward from the frontal lobe above the insula ;
 * 229) Sentence ID: 511
 * 230) *some of its fibers end in the occipital lobe.
 * 231) *others curve downward into the temporal lobe.
 * 232) *others curve forward into the temporal lobe.
 * 233) Sentence ID: 512
 * 234) *( d ) The inferior longitudinal fasciculus connects the temporal lobes, running along the lateral walls of the inferior cornua of the lateral ventricle.
 * 235) *( d ) The inferior longitudinal fasciculus connects the occipital lobes, running along the lateral walls of the inferior cornua of the lateral ventricle.
 * 236) *( d ) The inferior longitudinal fasciculus connects the temporal lobes, running along the lateral walls of the posterior cornua of the lateral ventricle.
 * 237) *( d ) The inferior longitudinal fasciculus connects the occipital lobes, running along the lateral walls of the posterior cornua of the lateral ventricle.
 * 238) Sentence ID: 513
 * 239) *( e ) The perpendicular fasciculus runs vertically through the front part of the occipital lobe.
 * 240) *( e ) The perpendicular fasciculus connects the inferior parietal lobule with the fusiform gyrus.
 * 241) Sentence ID: 514
 * 242) *( f ) The occipitofrontal fasciculus passes backward from the frontal lobe, along the lateral border of the caudate nucleus ;
 * 243) *( f ) The occipitofrontal fasciculus passes backward from the frontal lobe, on the mesial aspect of the corona radiata ;
 * 244) Sentence ID: 514
 * 245) *its fibers radiate in a fan-like manner.
 * 246) *its fibers pass into the occipital lobes lateral to the posterior cornua.
 * 247) *its fibers pass into the temporal lobes lateral to the posterior cornua.
 * 248) *its fibers pass into the occipital lobes lateral to the inferior cornua.
 * 249) *its fibers pass into the temporal lobes lateral to the inferior cornua.
 * 250) Sentence ID: 515
 * 251) *Déjerine regards the fibers of the tapetum as being derived from this fasciculus.
 * 252) *Déjerine regards the fibers of the tapetum as being derived not from the corpus callosum.
 * 253) Sentence ID: 516
 * 254) *( g ) The fornix connects the hippocampal gyrus with the corpus mammillare ( see page 839 ).
 * 255) *( g ) The fornix connects the hippocampal gyrus by means of the thalamomammillary fasciculus, with the thalamus ( see page 839 ).
 * 256) Sentence ID: 517
 * 257) *Through the fibers of the hippocampal commissure it probably also unites the opposite hippocampal gyri.
 * 258) Sentence ID: 518
 * 259) *The gray substance of the hemisphere is divided into : ( 1 ) that of the cerebral cortex.
 * 260) *The gray substance of the hemisphere is divided into : ( 2 ) that of the caudate nucleus.
 * 261) *The gray substance of the hemisphere is divided into : ( 2 ) that of the the lentiform nucleus.
 * 262) *The gray substance of the hemisphere is divided into : ( 2 ) that of the the claustrum.
 * 263) *The gray substance of the hemisphere is divided into : ( 2 ) that of the the nucleus amygdalæ.
 * 264) Sentence ID: 520
 * 265) *Structure of the Cerebral Cortex -
 * 266) Sentence ID: 520
 * 267) *The cerebral cortex differs in thickness in different parts of the hemisphere.
 * 268) *The cerebral cortex differs in structure in different parts of the hemisphere.
 * 269) Sentence ID: 521
 * 270) *It is thinner in the occipital region than in the anterior central gyri.
 * 271) *It is thinner in the occipital region than in the posterior central gyri.
 * 272) *it is also much thinner at the bottom of the sulci than on the top of the gyri.
 * 273) Sentence ID: 522
 * 274) *Again, the minute structure of the anterior central differs from that of the posterior central gyrus.
 * 275) *Again, areas possessing a specialized type of cortex can be mapped out in the occipital lobe.
 * 276) Sentence ID: 523
 * 277) *On examining a section of the cortex with a lens, it is seen to consist of alternating white layers thus disposed from the surface inward :
 * 278) *On examining a section of the cortex with a lens, it is seen to consist of alternating gray layers thus disposed from the surface inward :
 * 279) Sentence ID: 524
 * 280) *( 1 ) a thin layer of white substance.
 * 281) *( 2 ) a layer of gray substance.
 * 282) *( 3 ) a second white layer ( outer band of Baillarger or band of Gennari ).
 * 283) *; ( 4 ) a second gray layer.
 * 284) *( 5 ) a third white layer ( inner band of Baillarger ).
 * 285) *( 6 ) a third gray layer, which rests on the medullary substance of the gyrus.
 * 286) Sentence ID: 525
 * 287) *The cortex is made up of nerve cells of varying size.
 * 288) *The cortex is made up of nerve cells of varying shape.
 * 289) *The cortex is made up of nerve fibers which are either medullated axis-cylinders, imbedded in a matrix of neuroglia.
 * 290) *The cortex is made up of nerve fibers which are either naked axis-cylinders, imbedded in a matrix of neuroglia.
 * 291) Sentence ID: 526
 * 292) *Nerve Cells.
 * 293) Sentence ID: 527
 * 294) *- According to Cajal, the nerve cells are arranged in four layers , named from the surface inward as follows : ( 1 ) the molecular layer , ( 2 ) the layer of small pyramidal cells , ( 3 ) the layer of large pyramidal cells , ( 4 ) the layer of polymorphous cells.
 * 295) Sentence ID: 529
 * 296) *The Molecular Layer.
 * 297) Sentence ID: 530
 * 298) *- In this layer the cells are polygonal in shape.
 * 299) *- In this layer the cells are triangular in shape.
 * 300) *- In this layer the cells are fusiform in shape.
 * 301) Sentence ID: 531
 * 302) *Each polygonal cell gives off some four or five dendrites, while its axon may arise directly from the cell.
 * 303) *Each polygonal cell gives off some four or five dendrites, while its axon may arise directly from one of its dendrites.
 * 304) Sentence ID: 532
 * 305) *Each triangular cell gives off two dendrites, from one of which the axon arises.
 * 306) *Each triangular cell gives off three dendrites, from one of which the axon arises.
 * 307) Sentence ID: 533
 * 308) *The fusiform cells are placed with their long axes parallel to the surface.
 * 309) *The fusiform cells are mostly bipolar, each pole being prolonged into a dendrite , which runs horizontally for some distance.
 * 310) *The fusiform cells are mostly bipolar, each pole being furnishes ascending branches.
 * 311) Sentence ID: 534
 * 312) *Their axons, two or three in number , arise from the dendrites.
 * 313) *Their axons, like them , take a horizontal course , giving off numerous ascending collaterals.
 * 314) Sentence ID: 535
 * 315) *The distribution of the axons of all three sets of cells is limited to the molecular layer.
 * 316) *The distribution of the dendrites of all three sets of cells is limited to the molecular layer.
 * 317) Sentence ID: 536
 * 318) *The Layer of Small Pyramidal Cells.
 * 319) *the Layer of Large Pyramidal Cells.
 * 320) Sentence ID: 537
 * 321) *- The cells in these two layers may be studied together, since , with the exception of the difference in size , they resemble each other.
 * 322) *- The cells in these two layers may be studied together, since , with the exception of the more superficial position of the smaller cells , they resemble each other.
 * 323) Sentence ID: 538
 * 324) *The average length of the small cells is from 10 to 15μ ;
 * 325) Sentence ID: 538
 * 326) *that of the large cells from 20 to 30μ.
 * 327) Sentence ID: 539
 * 328) *The body of each cell is pyramidal in shape, its base being directed to the deeper parts and its apex toward the surface.
 * 329) Sentence ID: 540
 * 330) *It contains granular pigment.
 * 331) *It stains deeply with ordinary reagents.
 * 332) Sentence ID: 541
 * 333) *The nucleus is of large size, and round or oval in shape.
 * 334) Sentence ID: 542
 * 335) *The base of the cell gives off the axis cylinder.
 * 336) *this runs into the central white substance, giving off collaterals in its course.
 * 337) *this is distributed as a projection fiber.
 * 338) *this is distributed as a commissural fiber.
 * 339) *this is distributed as a association fiber.
 * 340) Sentence ID: 543
 * 341) *The apical parts of the cell give off dendrites ;
 * 342) *The basal parts of the cell give off dendrites ;
 * 343) Sentence ID: 543
 * 344) *the apical dendrite is directed toward the surface.
 * 345) *the apical dendrite ends in the molecular layer by dividing into numerous branches, all of which may be seen , when prepared by the silver method , to be studded with projecting bristle-like processes.
 * 346) *the apical dendrite ends in the molecular layer by dividing into numerous branches, all of which may be seen , when prepared by methylene-blue method , to be studded with projecting bristle-like processes.
 * 347) Sentence ID: 544
 * 348) *The largest pyramidal cells are found in the upper part of the anterior central gyrus ;
 * 349) *The largest pyramidal cells are found in the paracentral lobule ;
 * 350) Sentence ID: 544
 * 351) *they are often arranged in groups or nests of from three to five.
 * 352) *they are named the giant cells of Betz.
 * 353) Sentence ID: 545
 * 354) *In the former situation they may exceed 50μ in length ,
 * 355) *In the former situation they may exceed 40μ in breadth ,
 * 356) Sentence ID: 545
 * 357) *while in the paracentral lobule they may attain a length of 65μ.
 * 358) Sentence ID: 546
 * 359) *Layer of Polymorphous Cells.
 * 360) Sentence ID: 547
 * 361) *- The cells in this layer, as their name implies , are very irregular in contour ;
 * 362) Sentence ID: 547
 * 363) *they may be fusiform.
 * 364) *they may be oval.
 * 365) *they may be triangular.
 * 366) *they may be star-shaped.
 * 367) Sentence ID: 548
 * 368) *Their dendrites are directed outward ;
 * 369) *Their dendrites do not reach so far as the molecular layer ;
 * 370) Sentence ID: 548
 * 371) *their axons pass into the subjacent white matter.
 * 372) Sentence ID: 549
 * 373) *There are two other kinds of cells in the cerebral cortex.
 * 374) Sentence ID: 550
 * 375) *They are : ( a ) the cells of Golgi ,
 * 376) Sentence ID: 551
 * 377) *the axons of which divide immediately after their origins into a large number of branches, which are directed toward the surface of the cortex ;
 * 378) Sentence ID: 551
 * 379) *( b ) the cells of Martinotti ,
 * 380) Sentence ID: 551
 * 381) *which are chiefly found in the polymorphous layer ;
 * 382) Sentence ID: 551
 * 383) *their dendrites are short, while their axons pass out into the molecular layer.
 * 384) *their dendrites may have an ascending course, while their axons pass out into the molecular layer.
 * 385) *their dendrites may have an descending course, while their axons pass out into the molecular layer.
 * 386) *their dendrites are short, while their axons form an extensive horizontal arborization.
 * 387) *their dendrites may have an ascending course, while their axons form an extensive horizontal arborization.
 * 388) *their dendrites may have an descending course, while their axons form an extensive horizontal arborization.
 * 389) Sentence ID: 552
 * 390) *Nerve Fibers.
 * 391) Sentence ID: 553
 * 392) *- These fill up a large part of the intervals between the cells.
 * 393) *- These may be medullated - the latter comprising the axons of the smallest pyramidal cells.
 * 394) *- These may be non-medullated - the latter comprising the axons of the smallest pyramidal cells.
 * 395) *- These may be medullated - the latter comprising the axons of the cells of Golgi.
 * 396) *- These may be non-medullated - the latter comprising the axons of the cells of Golgi.
 * 397) Sentence ID: 554
 * 398) *In their direction the fibers may be either tangential.
 * 399) *In their direction the fibers may be either radial.
 * 400) Sentence ID: 555
 * 401) *The tangential fibers run parallel to the surface of the hemisphere, intersecting the radial fibers at a right angle.
 * 402) Sentence ID: 556
 * 403) *They constitute several strata, of which the following are the more important :
 * 404) Sentence ID: 557
 * 405) *( 1 ) a stratum of white fibers covering the superficial aspect of the molecular layer ( plexus of Exner ) ;
 * 406) Sentence ID: 557
 * 407) *( 2 ) the band of Bechterew, in the outer part of the layer of small pyramidal cells ;
 * 408) Sentence ID: 557
 * 409) *( 3 ) the band of Gennari or external band of Baillarger, running through the layer of large pyramidal cells ;
 * 410) Sentence ID: 557
 * 411) *( 4 ) the internal band of Baillarger, between the layer of large pyramidal cells and the polymorphous layer ;
 * 412) Sentence ID: 557
 * 413) *( 5 ) the deep tangential fibers, in the lower part of the polymorphous layer.
 * 414) Sentence ID: 558
 * 415) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the pyramidal cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the projection fibers.
 * 416) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the polymorphous cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the projection fibers.
 * 417) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the cells of Martinotti ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the projection fibers.
 * 418) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the pyramidal cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the projection fibers.
 * 419) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the polymorphous cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the projection fibers.
 * 420) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the cells of Martinotti ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the projection fibers.
 * 421) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the pyramidal cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the commissural fibers.
 * 422) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the polymorphous cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the commissural fibers.
 * 423) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the cells of Martinotti ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the commissural fibers.
 * 424) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the pyramidal cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the commissural fibers.
 * 425) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the polymorphous cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the commissural fibers.
 * 426) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the cells of Martinotti ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the commissural fibers.
 * 427) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the pyramidal cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the association fibers.
 * 428) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the polymorphous cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the association fibers.
 * 429) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the cells of Martinotti ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the collaterals of the association fibers.
 * 430) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the pyramidal cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the association fibers.
 * 431) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the polymorphous cells ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the association fibers.
 * 432) *The tangential fibers consist of ( a ) the collaterals of the cells of Martinotti ; ( b ) the branching axons of Golgi’s cells ; ( c ) the terminal arborizations of the association fibers.
 * 433) Sentence ID: 559
 * 434) *The radial fibers.
 * 435) Sentence ID: 560
 * 436) *- Some of these, viz. , the axons of the pyramidal cells , descend into the central white matter , while others , the terminations of the projection fibers , ascend to end in the cortex.
 * 437) *- Some of these, viz. , the axons of the polymorphous cells , descend into the central white matter , while others , the terminations of the projection fibers , ascend to end in the cortex.
 * 438) *- Some of these, viz. , the axons of the pyramidal cells , descend into the central white matter , while others , the terminations of the commissural fibers , ascend to end in the cortex.
 * 439) *- Some of these, viz. , the axons of the polymorphous cells , descend into the central white matter , while others , the terminations of the commissural fibers , ascend to end in the cortex.
 * 440) *- Some of these, viz. , the axons of the pyramidal cells , descend into the central white matter , while others , the terminations of the association fibers , ascend to end in the cortex.
 * 441) *- Some of these, viz. , the axons of the polymorphous cells , descend into the central white matter , while others , the terminations of the association fibers , ascend to end in the cortex.
 * 442) Sentence ID: 561
 * 443) *The axons of the cells of Martinotti are also ascending fibers.
 * 444) Sentence ID: 562
 * 445) *Special Types of Cerebral Cortex.
 * 446) Sentence ID: 563
 * 447) *- It has been already pointed out that the minute structure of the cortex differs in different regions of the hemisphere ; and A . W . Campbell has endeavored to prove, as the result of an exhaustive examination of a series of human brains , `` that there exists a direct correlation between physiological function and histological structure ''.
 * 448) *- It has been already pointed out that the minute structure of the cortex differs in different regions of the hemisphere ; and A . W . Campbell has endeavored to prove, as the result of an exhaustive examination of a series of anthropoid brains , `` that there exists a direct correlation between physiological function and histological structure ''.
 * 449) Sentence ID: 566
 * 450) *The principal regions where the `` typical '' structure is departed from will now be referred to.
 * 451) Sentence ID: 567
 * 452) *1.
 * 453) Sentence ID: 568
 * 454) *In the calcarine fissure and the gyri bounding it, the internal band of Baillarger is absent , while the band of Gennari is of considerable thickness , and forms a characteristic feature of this region of the cortex.
 * 455) Sentence ID: 569
 * 456) *If a section be examined microscopically, an additional layer of cells is seen to be interpolated between the molecular layer and the layer of small pyramidal cells.
 * 457) Sentence ID: 570
 * 458) *This extra layer consists of two or three strata of fusiform cells, the long axes of which are at right angles to the surface ;
 * 459) Sentence ID: 570
 * 460) *each cell gives off two dendrites, external and internal , from the latter of which the axon arises and passes into the white central substance.
 * 461) Sentence ID: 571
 * 462) *In the layer of small pyramidal cells, fusiform cells , identical with the above , are seen , as well as ovoid or star-like cells with ascending axons ( cells of Martinotti ).
 * 463) Sentence ID: 572
 * 464) *This is the visual area of the cortex, and it has been shown by J . S . Bolton that in old-standing cases of optic atrophy the thickness of Gennari’s band is reduced by nearly 50 per cent.
 * 465) Sentence ID: 575
 * 466) *A . W . Campbell says :
 * 467) Sentence ID: 578
 * 468) *`` Histologically, two distinct types of cortex can be made out in the occipital lobe.
 * 469) Sentence ID: 579
 * 470) *The first of these coats the walls of the calcarine fissure ;
 * 471) *The first of these coats the bounding convolutions of the calcarine fissure ;
 * 472) *The first of these is distinguished by the well-known line of Gennari or Vicq d’Azyr ;
 * 473) Sentence ID: 579
 * 474) *the second area forms an investing zone a centimetre, and is characterized by a remarkable wealth of fibers , as well as by curious pyriform cells of large size richly stocked with chromophilic elements - cells which seem to have escaped the observation of Ramón y Cajal.
 * 475) *the second area forms more broad around the first, and is characterized by a remarkable wealth of fibers , as well as by curious pyriform cells of large size richly stocked with chromophilic elements - cells which seem to have escaped the observation of Ramón y Cajal.
 * 476) *the second area forms an investing zone a centimetre, and is characterized by a remarkable wealth of fibers , as well as by curious pyriform cells of large size richly stocked with chromophilic elements - cells which seem to have escaped the observation of Bolton.
 * 477) *the second area forms more broad around the first, and is characterized by a remarkable wealth of fibers , as well as by curious pyriform cells of large size richly stocked with chromophilic elements - cells which seem to have escaped the observation of Bolton.
 * 478) *the second area forms an investing zone a centimetre, and is characterized by a remarkable wealth of fibers , as well as by curious pyriform cells of large size richly stocked with chromophilic elements - cells which seem to have escaped the observation of others who have worked at this region.
 * 479) *the second area forms more broad around the first, and is characterized by a remarkable wealth of fibers , as well as by curious pyriform cells of large size richly stocked with chromophilic elements - cells which seem to have escaped the observation of others who have worked at this region.
 * 480) Sentence ID: 580
 * 481) *As to the functions of these two regions there is abundant evidence, anatomical , to show that the first area is that to which visual sensations primarily pass.
 * 482) *As to the functions of these two regions there is abundant evidence, embryological , to show that the first area is that to which visual sensations primarily pass.
 * 483) *As to the functions of these two regions there is abundant evidence, pathological , to show that the first area is that to which visual sensations primarily pass.
 * 484) *As to the functions of these two regions there is abundant evidence, anatomical , to show that calcarine area is that to which visual sensations primarily pass.
 * 485) *As to the functions of these two regions there is abundant evidence, embryological , to show that calcarine area is that to which visual sensations primarily pass.
 * 486) *As to the functions of these two regions there is abundant evidence, pathological , to show that calcarine area is that to which visual sensations primarily pass.
 * 487) *we are gradually obtaining proof to the effect that the second investing area is constituted for the interpretation and further elaboration of these sensations.
 * 488) Sentence ID: 581
 * 489) *These areas therefore deserve the names visuo-sensory.
 * 490) *These areas therefore deserve the names visuo-psychic.
 * 491) Sentence ID: 582
 * 492) Sentence ID: 583
 * 493) *2.
 * 494) Sentence ID: 584
 * 495) *The anterior central gyrus is characterized by the presence of the giant cells of Betz.
 * 496) *The anterior central gyrus is characterized by `` a wealth of nerve fibers immeasurably superior to that of any other part '' ( Campbell ).
 * 497) *The anterior central gyrus in these respects differs from the posterior central gyrus.
 * 498) Sentence ID: 585
 * 499) *These two gyri, together with the paracentral lobule , were long regarded as constituting the `` motor areas '' of the hemisphere ;
 * 500) Sentence ID: 585
 * 501) *but Sherrington have shown that in the chimpanzee the motor area never extends on to the free face of the posterior central gyrus.
 * 502) *but Grunbaum have shown that in the chimpanzee the motor area never extends on to the free face of the posterior central gyrus.
 * 503) *but Sherrington have shown that in the chimpanzee the motor area occupies the entire length of the anterior central gyrus, and in most cases the greater part or the whole of its width.
 * 504) *but Grunbaum have shown that in the chimpanzee the motor area occupies the entire length of the anterior central gyrus, and in most cases the greater part or the whole of its width.
 * 505) Sentence ID: 586
 * 506) *It extends into the depth of the central sulcus, occupying the anterior wall.
 * 507) *It extends into the depth of the central sulcus, in some places the floor ,.
 * 508) *It extends into the depth of the central sulcus, in some extending even into the deeper part of the posterior wall of the sulcus.
 * 509) Sentence ID: 587
 * 510) *3.
 * 511) Sentence ID: 588
 * 512) *In the hippocampus the molecular layer is very thick.
 * 513) *In the hippocampus the molecular layer contains a large number of Golgi cells.
 * 514) Sentence ID: 589
 * 515) *It has been divided into three strata : ( a ) s . convolutum or s . granulosum, containing many tangential fibers ; ( b ) s . lacunosum , presenting numerous vascular spaces ; ( c ) s . radiatum , exhibiting a rich plexus of fibrils.
 * 516) Sentence ID: 595
 * 517) *The two layers of pyramidal cells are condensed into one.
 * 518) *the cells are mostly of large size.
 * 519) Sentence ID: 596
 * 520) *The axons of the cells in the polymorphous layer may run in an ascending direction.
 * 521) *The axons of the cells in the polymorphous layer may run in a descending direction.
 * 522) *The axons of the cells in the polymorphous layer may run in a horizontal direction.
 * 523) Sentence ID: 597
 * 524) *Between the polymorphous layer is the white substance of the alveus.
 * 525) *Between the ventricular ependyma is the white substance of the alveus.
 * 526) Sentence ID: 598
 * 527) *4.
 * 528) Sentence ID: 599
 * 529) *In the fascia dentata hippocampi the molecular layer contains some pyramidal cells, while the layer of pyramidal cells is almost entirely represented by small ovoid cells.
 * 530) *In the dentate gyrus the molecular layer contains some pyramidal cells, while the layer of pyramidal cells is almost entirely represented by small ovoid cells.
 * 531) Sentence ID: 600
 * 532) *5.
 * 533) Sentence ID: 601
 * 534) *The Olfactory Bulb.
 * 535) Sentence ID: 602
 * 536) *- In many of the lower animals this contains a cavity which communicates through the olfactory tract with the lateral ventricle.
 * 537) Sentence ID: 603
 * 538) *In man the original cavity is filled up by neuroglia.
 * 539) *In man its wall becomes thickened.
 * 540) *In man much more so on its ventral than on its dorsal aspect.
 * 541) Sentence ID: 604
 * 542) *Its dorsal part contains a small amount of gray substance, but it is scanty.
 * 543) *Its dorsal part contains a small amount of white substance, but it is scanty.
 * 544) *Its dorsal part contains a small amount of gray substance, but it is ill-defined.
 * 545) *Its dorsal part contains a small amount of white substance, but it is ill-defined.
 * 546) Sentence ID: 605
 * 547) *A section through the ventral part shows it to consist of the following layers from without inward :
 * 548) Sentence ID: 606
 * 549) *1.
 * 550) Sentence ID: 607
 * 551) *A layer of olfactory nerve fibers, which are the non-medullated axons prolonged from the olfactory cells of the nasal cavity.
 * 552) *A layer of olfactory nerve fibers, which reach the bulb by passing through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
 * 553) Sentence ID: 608
 * 554) *At first they cover the bulb.
 * 555) *At first they then penetrate it to end by forming synapses with the dendrites of the mitral cells, presently to be described.
 * 556) Sentence ID: 609
 * 557) *2.
 * 558) Sentence ID: 610
 * 559) *Glomerular Layer.
 * 560) Sentence ID: 611
 * 561) *- This contains numerous spheroidal reticulated enlargements, termed glomeruli , produced by the branching of the processes of the olfactory nerve fibres with the descending dendrites of the mitral cells.
 * 562) *- This contains numerous spheroidal reticulated enlargements, termed glomeruli , produced by the arborization of the processes of the olfactory nerve fibres with the descending dendrites of the mitral cells.
 * 563) Sentence ID: 612
 * 564) *3 . Molecular Layer.
 * 565) Sentence ID: 614
 * 566) *- This is formed of a matrix of neuroglia, imbedded in which are the mitral cells.
 * 567) Sentence ID: 615
 * 568) *These cells are pyramidal in shape, and the basal part of each gives off a thick dendrite which descends into the glomerular layer , where it arborizes as indicated above.
 * 569) *These cells are pyramidal in shape, and the basal part of each gives off a thick dendrite which descends into the glomerular layer , where others which interlace with similar dendrites of neighboring mitral cells.
 * 570) Sentence ID: 616
 * 571) *The axons pass through the next layer into the white matter of the bulb.
 * 572) *The axons after becoming bent on themselves at a right angle, are continued into the olfactory tract.
 * 573) Sentence ID: 617
 * 574) *4 . Nerve Fiber Layer.
 * 575) Sentence ID: 619
 * 576) *- This lies next the central core of neuroglia, and its fibers consist of the axons or afferent processes of the mitral cells passing to the brain ;
 * 577) Sentence ID: 619
 * 578) *some efferent fibers are, however , also present , and end in the molecular layer , but nothing is known as to their exact origin.
 * 579) Sentence ID: 620
 * 580) *Weight of the Encephalon.
 * 581) Sentence ID: 621
 * 582) *- The average weight of the brain, in the adult male , is about 1380 gms. ;
 * 583) Sentence ID: 621
 * 584) *that of the female, about 1250 gms.
 * 585) Sentence ID: 622
 * 586) *In the male, the maximum weight out of 278 cases was 1840 gms.
 * 587) Sentence ID: 623
 * 588) *and the minimum weight 964 gms.
 * 589) Sentence ID: 624
 * 590) *The maximum weight of the adult female brain, out of 191 cases , was 1585 gms.
 * 591) Sentence ID: 625
 * 592) *and the minimum weight 879 gms.
 * 593) Sentence ID: 626
 * 594) *The brain increases rapidly during the first four years of life.
 * 595) *The brain reaches its maximum weight by about the twentieth year.
 * 596) Sentence ID: 627
 * 597) *As age advances, the brain decreases slowly in weight ;
 * 598) Sentence ID: 627
 * 599) *in old age the decrease takes place more rapidly, to the extent of about 28 gms.
 * 600) Sentence ID: 628
 * 601) *The human brain is heavier than that of any of the lower animals, except the elephant.
 * 602) *The human brain is heavier than that of any of the lower animals, except the whale.
 * 603) Sentence ID: 629
 * 604) *The brain of the former weighs from 3.5 to 5.4 kilogm..
 * 605) *that of a whale, in a specimen 19 metres long , weighed rather more than 6.7 kilogm.
 * 606) Sentence ID: 630
 * 607) *Cerebral Localization.
 * 608) Sentence ID: 631
 * 609) *- Physiological research have now gone far to prove that a considerable part of the surface of the brain may be mapped out into a series of more or less definite areas, each of which is intimately connected with some well-defined function.
 * 610) *- pathological research have now gone far to prove that a considerable part of the surface of the brain may be mapped out into a series of more or less definite areas, each of which is intimately connected with some well-defined function.
 * 611) Sentence ID: 632
 * 612) *The chief areas are indicated in and
 * 613) Sentence ID: 633
 * 614) *Motor Areas.
 * 615) Sentence ID: 634
 * 616) *- The motor area occupies the anterior central gyri.
 * 617) *- The motor area occupies the frontal gyri.
 * 618) *- The motor area occupies the paracentral lobule.
 * 619) Sentence ID: 635
 * 620) *The centers for the lower limb are located on the uppermost part of the anterior central gyrus ;
 * 621) *The centers for the lower limb are located on its continuation on to the paracentral lobule ;
 * 622) Sentence ID: 635
 * 623) *those for the trunk are on the upper portion.
 * 624) *those for the upper limb on the middle portion of the anterior central gyrus.
 * 625) Sentence ID: 636
 * 626) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the tongue on the frontal operculum , while those for the head occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 627) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the larynx on the frontal operculum , while those for the head occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 628) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the muscles of mastication on the frontal operculum , while those for the head occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 629) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the pharynx on the frontal operculum , while those for the head occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 630) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the tongue on the frontal operculum , while those for the neck occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 631) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the larynx on the frontal operculum , while those for the neck occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 632) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the muscles of mastication on the frontal operculum , while those for the neck occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 633) *The facial centers are situated on the lower part of the anterior central gyrus, those for the pharynx on the frontal operculum , while those for the neck occupy the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus.
 * 634) Sentence ID: 637
 * 635) *Sensory Areas.
 * 636) Sentence ID: 638
 * 637) *- Tactile senses are located on the posterior central gyrus.
 * 638) *- temperature senses are located on the posterior central gyrus.
 * 639) *- the sense of form is on the superior parietal lobule.
 * 640) *- the sense of solidity is on the superior parietal lobule.
 * 641) *- the sense of form is on the precuneus.
 * 642) *- the sense of solidity is on the precuneus.
 * 643) Sentence ID: 639
 * 644) *With regard to the special senses, the area for the sense of taste is probably related to the uncus.
 * 645) *With regard to the special senses, the area for the sense of taste is probably related to the hippocampal gyrus.
 * 646) Sentence ID: 640
 * 647) *The auditory area occupies the middle third of the superior temporal gyrus ;
 * 648) *The auditory area occupies the adjacent gyri in the lateral fissure ;
 * 649) Sentence ID: 640
 * 650) *the visual area, the calcarine fissure ;
 * 651) *the visual area, cuneus ;
 * 652) Sentence ID: 640
 * 653) *the olfactory area, the rhinencephalon.
 * 654) Sentence ID: 641
 * 655) *As special centers of much importance may be noted :
 * 656) Sentence ID: 642
 * 657) *the emissive center for speech on the left inferior frontal gyri ( Broca ) ;
 * 658) *the emissive center for speech on the left anterior central gyri ( Broca ) ;
 * 659) Sentence ID: 642
 * 660) *the auditory receptive center on the transverse temporal gyri.
 * 661) *the auditory receptive center on the superior temporal gyri.
 * 662) *the visual receptive center on the lingual gyrus.
 * 663) *the visual receptive center on the cuneus.
 * 1) *the visual receptive center on the cuneus.