FMA mapping to gray

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The fore-brain or prosencephalon consists of : ( 1 ) the diencephalon, corresponding in a large measure to the third ventricle ; The fore-brain or prosencephalon consists of : ( 1 ) the diencephalon, corresponding in a large measure to the the structures which bound third ventricle ; The fore-brain or prosencephalon consists of : ( 2 ) the telencephalon, comprising the largest part of the brain , viz. , the cerebral hemispheres ;


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cerebral hemispheres are intimately connected with each other across the middle line. cerebral hemispheres contains a large cavity, named the lateral ventricle.


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The lateral ventricles communicate through the interventricular foramen with the third ventricle ; The lateral ventricles are separated from each other by a medial septum, the septum pellucidum ;


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the septum pellucidum contains a slit-like cavity, which does not communicate with the ventricles.


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The Diencephalon.


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- The diencephalon is connected above with the cerebral hemispheres ; behind with the mid-brain. - The diencephalon is connected in front with the cerebral hemispheres ; behind with the mid-brain.


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diencephalon 's upper surface is concealed by the corpus callosum ; diencephalon 's upper surface is covered by a fold of pia mater, named the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle ;


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inferiorly diencephalon reaches to the base of the brain.


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The diencephalon comprises : ( 1 ) the thalamencephalon. The diencephalon comprises : ( 2 ) the pars mamillaris hypothalami. The diencephalon comprises : ( 3 ) the posterior part of the third ventricle.


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For descriptive purposes, however , it is more convenient to consider the whole of the third ventricle together ; For descriptive purposes, however , it is more convenient to consider the whole of third ventricle 's boundaries together ;


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to consider the whole of the third ventricle and third ventricle 's boundaries together necessitates the inclusion, under this heading , of the pars optica hypothalami. to consider the whole of the third ventricle and third ventricle 's boundaries together necessitates the inclusion, under this heading , of the corresponding part of the third ventricle - structures which properly belong to the telencephalon.


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The Thalamencephalon.


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- The thalamencephalon comprises : ( 1 ) the thalamus. - The thalamencephalon comprises : ( 2 ) the metathalamus or corpora geniculata. - The thalamencephalon comprises : ( 3 ) the epithalamus, consisting of the trigonum habenulæ. - The thalamencephalon comprises : ( 3 ) the epithalamus, consisting of the the pineal body. - The thalamencephalon comprises : ( 3 ) the epithalamus, consisting of the the posterior commissure.


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The Thalami ( optic thalamus ) are two large ovoid masses, situated one on either side of the third ventricle. The Thalami ( optic thalamus ) are two large ovoid masses, reaching for some distance behind third ventricle cavity.


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Thalami measures about 4 cm. in length. Thalami presents two extremities, an anterior. Thalami presents two extremities, a posterior. Thalami presents four surfaces, superior. Thalami presents four surfaces, inferior. Thalami presents four surfaces, medial. Thalami presents four surfaces, lateral.


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Thalami 's anterior extremity is narrow ; Thalami 's anterior extremity lies close to the middle line. Thalami 's anterior extremity is narrow ; Thalami 's anterior extremity forms the posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen.


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Thalami 's posterior extremity is expanded. Thalami 's posterior extremity is directed backward and lateralward. Thalami 's posterior extremity overlaps the superior colliculus.


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Medially Thalami 's posterior extremity presents an angular prominence, the pulvinar , which is continued laterally into an oval swelling , the lateral geniculate body. beneath the pulvinar, is a second oval swelling , the medial geniculate body. separated from pulvinar by the superior brachium, is a second oval swelling , the medial geniculate body.


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Thalami 's superior surface is free. Thalami 's superior surface is slightly convex. Thalami 's superior surface is covered by a layer of white substance, termed the stratum zonale.


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stratum zonale is separated laterally from the caudate nucleus by a white band, the stria terminalis. stratum zonale is separated laterally from the caudate nucleus by the terminal vein.


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Thalami 's superior surface is divided into a medial portion by an oblique shallow furrow which runs from behind forward and medialward ; Thalami 's superior surface is divided into a lateral portion by an oblique shallow furrow which runs from behind forward and medialward ; Thalami 's superior surface is divided into a medial portion by an oblique shallow furrow which corresponds with the lateral margin of the fornix ; Thalami 's superior surface is divided into a lateral portion by an oblique shallow furrow which corresponds with the lateral margin of the fornix ;


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Thalami 's superior surface 's lateral part forms a portion of the floor of the lateral ventricle ; Thalami 's superior surface 's lateral part is covered by the epithelial lining of this cavity ;


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Thalami 's superior surface 's medial part is covered by the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. Thalami 's superior surface 's medial part is destitute of an epithelial covering.


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In front, Thalami 's superior surface is separated from Thalami 's medial surface by a salient margin , the tænia thalami , along which the epithelial lining of the third ventricle is reflected on to the under surface of the tela chorioidea.


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Behind, Thalami 's superior surface is limited medially by a groove , the sulcus habenulæ , which intervenes between Thalami 's superior surface. Behind, Thalami 's superior surface is limited medially by a groove , the sulcus habenulæ , which intervenes between a small triangular area , termed the trigonum habenulæ.


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Thalami 's inferior surface rests upon. Thalami 's inferior surface is continuous with the upward prolongation of the tegmentum ( subthalamic tegmental region ), in front of which Thalami 's inferior surface is related to the substantia innominata of Meynert.


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Thalami 's medial surface constitutes the upper part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Thalami 's medial surface is connected to the corresponding surface of the opposite thalamus by a flattened gray band, the massa intermedia ( middle or gray commissure ).


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massa intermedia averages about 1 cm. in massa intermedia 's antero-posterior diameter :


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massa intermedia sometimes consists of two parts. massa intermedia occasionally is absent.


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massa intermedia contains nerve cells ; massa intermedia contains nerve fibers ;


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a few of the latter may cross the middle line, but most of them pass toward the middle line. a few of the latter may cross the middle line, but most of them then curve lateralward on the same side.


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Thalami 's lateral surface is in contact with a thick band of white substance which forms the occipital part of the internal capsule. Thalami 's lateral surface is in contact with a thick band of white substance which separates the thalamus from the lentiform nucleus of the corpus striatum.


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Structure.


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- The thalamus consists chiefly of gray substance. - thalamus 's upper surface is covered by a layer of white substance, named the stratum zonale. - thalamus 's lateral surface by a similar layer termed the lateral medullary lamina.


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thalamus 's gray substance is incompletely subdivided into three parts - anterior, medial , and lateral - by a white layer , the medial medullary lamina.